All types of trees play an important role in our ecosystem but not all trees are the same. From their leaves to the bark trees have characteristics that set them apart. Here is a guide to walk you through key tree identification features and you can also watch Green Ventures Tree Identification IGTV with expert Mara McHaffie!:
Key Tree Identification Features:
1. Leaf
Photo Source: Borealforest.org
There are several ways to use leaves to help you identify a tree.
- Leaf Arrangement- Leaf arrangement refers to how leaves emerge from the twig.
- Opposite Arrangement- Leaves grow opposite of each
other on twig - Alternate Arrangement- Leaves grow alternately on twig
- Whorled- Leaves grow in a circular fashion on the twig
- Opposite Arrangement- Leaves grow opposite of each
- Leaf Margins
- Smooth- Entire no jagged edges
- Toothed- Jagged edges
- Wavy or lobed – Divided into sections
- Leaf Shape– any of the various shape that leaves of plants can assume
- Ovate
- Oblong
- Linear
- Heart shaped
- Cordate
- Triangle
Photo Source: University of Toronto
- Leaf Types
- Simple – Only have one leaf blade coming from a single bud along the twig or stem.
- Compound – Leaves have multiple leaf blades known as leaflets coming from the same bud
Photo Source: Trees of Wisconsin
2. Twig and bud
Buds can be helpful in identifying tree species in winter, when deciduous trees are without foliage.
- Twig with opposite bud arrangement
- Twig with alternate bud arrangement
Opposite arrangement
Alternate bud arrangement- Photo source EOMF
3. Bark
- Colour- barks vary in colour from white, grey, brown/black
- Structure- A bark can be flaky, smooth or rough
- Pattern- Look for furrowed or flat top ridges
Photo source: EOMF
Photo Source: EOMF
To learn which trees are native to Ontario and which species to plant where you live visit the Ontario Tree Atlas.
For a tool to help you identify trees Download this free app INaturalist
Read Six Things You Didn’t Know About Trees to learn about the many benefits trees provide and find out about Green Venture and Trees for Hamilton’s project to increase canopy cover here Canopy for Community.
Happy Identifying!
